{"id":1221,"date":"2025-09-22T11:15:36","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T05:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/?p=1221"},"modified":"2025-09-21T16:46:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T11:16:52","slug":"normative-approach-political-science-model-answer-upsc-psir-optional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/normative-approach-political-science-model-answer-upsc-psir-optional\/","title":{"rendered":"Normative Approach in Political Science \u2013 Model Answer for UPSC PSIR Optional"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Normative approach in political science. Comment. [2023\/10m\/150w\/1a]<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most fundamental debates in political science is whether the discipline should describe politics as it <em>is<\/em> or prescribe how politics <em>ought to be<\/em>. This question lies at the heart of the <strong>normative approach<\/strong>. For UPSC aspirants, especially those with <strong>Political Science and International Relations (PSIR)<\/strong> as an optional, understanding the normative approach is essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>UPSC Mains Paper I<\/strong> often asks about various approaches to the study of politics. Questions like <em>\u201cNormative approach in political science, comment\u201d<\/em> test not only conceptual clarity but also the ability to connect classical political philosophy with contemporary debates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, aspirants often find limited, fragmented content online. This blog post provides a <strong>complete, exam-ready, and SEO-friendly model answer (1000+ words)<\/strong> on the normative approach\u2014integrating <strong>classical foundations, modern thinkers, methodological critiques, and Indian context<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the Normative Approach?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The normative approach in political science is a <strong>prescriptive methodology<\/strong>. It does not merely ask <em>what is<\/em> happening in politics but instead evaluates <strong>what should happen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focus<\/strong> \u2192 Values, justice, legitimacy, equality, liberty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nature<\/strong> \u2192 Value-laden, philosophical, prescriptive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong> \u2192 Opposed to <strong>empirical\/behavioral approaches<\/strong> that stress scientific objectivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As <strong>Leo Strauss<\/strong> famously argued, divorcing politics from values leads to <em>moral relativism<\/em>. The normative approach therefore insists that political science must engage with ethical dimensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classical Foundations of the Normative Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The origins of normative thinking are found in <strong>ancient political philosophy<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Plato\u2019s Republic<\/strong> \u2013 Concerned with the <em>ideal state<\/em> and <em>justice<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aristotle\u2019s Politics<\/strong> \u2013 Defined humans as \u201cpolitical animals\u201d and emphasized <em>virtue and the good life<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This tradition continued with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cicero<\/strong> \u2013 Natural law and universal justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medieval scholastics<\/strong> \u2013 St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Early modern thinkers<\/strong> \u2013 Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, all prescribing social contracts as <em>ought-to-be<\/em> models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, political science historically began as a <strong>normative discipline<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modern Normative Thinkers and Theories<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 20th century, normative political theory was revived:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>John Rawls \u2013 A Theory of Justice (1971)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Original position &amp; veil of ignorance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Principles of distributive justice (liberty + equality).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Robert Nozick \u2013 Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Libertarian normative framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum state as the only legitimate one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Michael Sandel \u2013 Communitarian critique<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Liberal theories ignore community, culture, and shared values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u2013 Discourse Ethics<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Legitimacy through free and rational deliberation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These demonstrate that normative approaches produce <strong>competing but structured moral visions<\/strong> of politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methodological Characteristics of Normative Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Value-Laden Analysis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Political science is not value-free.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Every concept (power, authority, legitimacy) carries ethical weight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Prescriptive Orientation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Goes beyond description to say what <em>ought to be<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: Democracy is not just studied as a system but as a <em>value standard<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Philosophical Methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uses conceptual analysis, logical reasoning, moral argumentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ronald Dworkin<\/strong> \u2013 Law and politics need interpretive reasoning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contemporary Relevance and Debates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After the <strong>behavioral revolution (1950s)<\/strong>, political science turned empirical, but the <strong>post-behavioral revolution (1960s onwards)<\/strong> brought normative approaches back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amartya Sen \u2013 Capability Approach<\/strong>: Justice is about expanding freedoms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Martha Nussbaum \u2013 Feminist and capability theory<\/strong>: Normative framework for gender justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Human Rights &amp; Climate Justice<\/strong>: Global challenges require value-based frameworks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Criticisms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Empiricists<\/strong> \u2013 Normative lacks scientific rigor and falsifiability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Max Weber<\/strong> \u2013 Stressed fact\u2013value distinction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Positivists<\/strong> \u2013 Prefer data, not moral prescriptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, pure empiricism risks irrelevance: without values, political science cannot guide society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Normative Approach in Indian Political Thought<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India provides rich examples of normative frameworks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mahatma Gandhi<\/strong> \u2013 Satyagraha, non-violence, truth as moral foundations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/comment-ambedkars-ideas-constitutionalism\/\"><em>B.R. Ambedkar<\/em><\/a><\/strong> \u2013 Constitutional morality, social justice, fraternity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian Constitution<\/strong> \u2013 Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) institutionalize normative ideals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Judicial Activism<\/strong> \u2013 Supreme Court often uses normative reasoning (e.g., <em>Kesavananda Bharati case<\/em> on basic structure).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, Indian political thought integrates normative philosophy with institutional practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Global Applications of Normative Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In global politics, normative theory remains central:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climate Justice<\/strong> \u2013 Equity in carbon emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Human Rights<\/strong> \u2013 Universal norms vs. cultural relativism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global Democracy<\/strong> \u2013 Legitimacy of supranational institutions (UN, EU).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cosmopolitan vs. Communitarian Debate<\/strong> \u2013 Nussbaum (cosmopolitanism) vs. David Miller (communitarianism).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Critical Evaluation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strengths<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Provides moral compass to politics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keeps political science connected to justice, equality, legitimacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bridges theory with practice (development, democracy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Weaknesses<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Accused of being unscientific.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subjective and culturally biased.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cannot be tested empirically.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Balanced View<\/strong>: Normative and empirical must complement each other. Political science requires <strong>methodological pluralism<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>normative approach<\/strong> remains indispensable. While behavioralism gave political science rigor, it risked losing its moral essence. Normative theory ensures politics does not become a soulless science but remains tied to values of <strong>justice, liberty, equality, and democracy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC aspirants, remembering both <strong>the criticisms and the relevance<\/strong> is key: in Mains answers, highlight how normative approaches <strong>complement empirical research<\/strong>, especially in today\u2019s world of <strong>rights, development, and global justice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Takeaway for UPSC<\/strong>: Always balance <em>what is<\/em> with <em>what ought to be<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also View:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/manabendra-nath-roys-political-thought-highlighted-humanistic-aspects-marxism-discuss\/\">M.N. Roy\u2019s Humanistic Marxism: Radical Humanism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Value Addition Table: Normative vs. Other Approaches<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Normative Approach<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Empirical Approach<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Behavioral Approach<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Core Question<\/strong><\/td><td><em>What should be?<\/em> (Ideal)<\/td><td><em>What is?<\/em> (Reality)<\/td><td><em>How does it actually behave?<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Focus<\/strong><\/td><td>Values, justice, liberty, equality<\/td><td>Facts, observation, data<\/td><td>Behavior, attitudes, measurable patterns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nature<\/strong><\/td><td>Prescriptive, moral<\/td><td>Descriptive, objective<\/td><td>Scientific, data-driven<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Methods Used<\/strong><\/td><td>Philosophy, reasoning, moral arguments<\/td><td>Observation, case studies<\/td><td>Surveys, statistics, psychology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Thinkers\/Scholars<\/strong><\/td><td>Plato, Aristotle, Rawls, Ambedkar<\/td><td>Machiavelli, David Easton (early empirical)<\/td><td>David Easton, Robert Dahl, Gabriel Almond<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Criticism<\/strong><\/td><td>Subjective, lacks rigor<\/td><td>Too descriptive, ignores values<\/td><td>Overly scientific, ignores ethics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>UPSC Usage<\/strong><\/td><td>Use in evaluative parts of answers<\/td><td>Use for factual support<\/td><td>Use for contemporary examples\/data<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quick Revision Summary (for Aspirants)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Normative = prescriptive, value-based.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Classical roots<\/strong>: Plato, Aristotle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modern thinkers<\/strong>: Rawls, Nozick, Sandel, Habermas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian context<\/strong>: Gandhi, Ambedkar, DPSP, judicial activism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Criticisms<\/strong>: Lacks scientific rigor, fact\u2013value distinction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contemporary relevance<\/strong>: Human rights, climate justice, gender equality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UPSC Tip<\/strong>: Always end with a balanced conclusion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQs<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758452829771\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q1: What is the normative approach in political science in simple words?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The normative approach studies politics by asking <em>what should be<\/em>, not just <em>what is<\/em>. It deals with justice, liberty, equality, and moral values rather than only facts and data.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758452844581\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q2: How is the normative approach different from the empirical or behavioral approach?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The normative approach is value-based and prescriptive, while empirical and behavioral approaches are data-driven and descriptive. Normative tells us <em>the ideal way politics should function<\/em>, whereas behavioral explains <em>how politics actually works<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758452993117\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q3: Why is the normative approach important for UPSC aspirants?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In UPSC mains (especially PSIR optional), answers are not judged only on facts. Evaluative and value-based analysis is expected. Quoting thinkers like Rawls, Nozick, and Ambedkar helps show normative depth.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758453006253\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q4: What are the major criticisms of the normative approach?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Lacks scientific rigor.<br \/>Subjective and culturally biased.<br \/>Cannot be empirically tested.<br \/>Often seen as too abstract.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Normative approach in political science. Comment. [2023\/10m\/150w\/1a] One of the most fundamental debates in political science is whether the discipline should describe politics as it is or prescribe how politics ought to be. This question lies at the heart of the normative approach. For UPSC aspirants, especially those with Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1222,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psir-paper-1a","category-political-theory"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment.png",1024,1024,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment-300x300.png",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment-768x768.png",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment.png",1024,1024,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment.png",1024,1024,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Normative-approach-in-political-science.-Comment.png",1024,1024,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Varun Jain","author_link":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/author\/pushkaragarwal\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Normative approach in political science. Comment. [2023\/10m\/150w\/1a] One of the most fundamental debates in political science is whether the discipline should describe politics as it is or prescribe how politics ought to be. This question lies at the heart of the normative approach. For UPSC aspirants, especially those with Political Science and International Relations (PSIR)&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1221"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1223,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221\/revisions\/1223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/currentnewstimes.com\/upscpsir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}